Project 1: Orchestra

18th Century:
The 18th Century was the century where  the modern sense of the word orchestra started. Every century afterwards was based off of the orchestra in the 18th century. There was great independence in the strings section. The orchestra in the 18th century was standardized with flutes, oboes, clarinets, french horns, bassoons, trumpets, strings, and the kettle drum. 



19th Century:

The brass took an increasingly prominent place in the 19th century. The string section was expanded to balance the increasing number of wind players. So basically, the orchestra was the same from the 18th century orchestra except for the change in the brass and the string section.

20th Century:
The change in the 20th century was that the timpani was used more prominently. 75 to 90 players suffice for 20th century orchestras. 

         The modern orchestra today has four different sections. The leading section of a symphony orchestra is the strings section. The string section includes violins, cellos, violas, and string basses such as the double bace. The leading violinist is called the concertmaster and helps the other musicians tune their instruments. The cellos and basists play lower notes. The woodwind section contains the flutes, bassoons, oboes, and clarinets. The brass section contains trumpets, french horns, trombones, and the tuba. The brass section is very important for loud exciting parts of a song. Trumpets and horns play the higher notes while the tuba and trombone plays the lower parts. The percussion section contains the timpani, bells, kettledrums, bells, cymbals, gongs, tambourines, glockenspiels, and xylophones. The percussion has the widest array of instruments. Each of these instruments work together to create a symphonic melody of amazing music. 





VIOLA


Part of the strings section


There are four strings that are either made out of animal gut, nylon, or steel, and are wrapped around pegs on on end and attached to the tailpiece on the other side


Alto


Held like a violin
                 
                                                   Bigger than a violin and tuned 5 notes lower

DOUBLE BASS

Makes the  lower notes in the string section

There are four strings that are either made out of animal gut, nylon, or steel, and are wrapped around pegs on on end and attached to the tailpiece on the other side

Players must sit on a stool to play this instrument

TROMBONE

Part of the brass section

Can make the highest notes in the symphony

Sound is created when air is blown through a mouth piece

Has a slide used to create different pitches

CLARINET

Part of the woodwind section

Creates sound by air running through a mouthpiece (reed)

Usually made out wood

Different notes are played  when keys are pressed

FRENCH HORN


Part of the brass section


Creates sound by vibrations made from air running through a mouth piece


Different notes are played by pressing valves and moving the right hand inside the bell

BASSOON

Part of the woodwind section

Creates sound by vibrations made from air running through a reed

Creates a lower sound that other woodwind instruments

Made out of metal

GLOCKENSPIEL


Part of the Percussion section


have tuned bars


made from wood, rubber, or metal


Front row is the white keys on a piano


Back row is the black keys